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| Looking Toward Paris Today Ferme d'Hurtebise on the Chemin des Dames (Also See Map Below) |
I've driven by the little farm on the Chemin des Dames shown above maybe two dozen times, but I've always been in too much of a rush to stop here. There is just so much to see in the area—major historical sites like the Caverne du Dragon, Plateau de Californie, and Craonne of the famous song. Of course, I also missed some big clues that should have triggered further historical research about what had transpired at the farm. There's a big statue of Napoleon about a mile to the east of here, and there used to be a French tank from World War II overlooking the "Lady's Way" somewhere nearby that has since disappeared. What has kindled my new interest in Ferme d'Hurtebise is the discovery during a search for candidates for my "Lonesome Memorials" series of a significant monument adjacent to the farm. I'd never viewed it before since it's not visible from the main road. This led to more discoveries about what had happened at the farm. That turned out to be a much bigger tale than the monument's.
Note the figures include a Napoleonic soldier and and World War I Poilu as well as the dates 1814 and 1914. This suggests, of course, that the farm was the site of significant fighting both years. A little focused research turned up surprising information on other battles fought on this same site in 1915, 1917, and 1940. Why was this apparently insignificant little farm repeatedly a locale for major warfare?
Before discussing the five battles, let me share a little about the monument itself. The current monument was installed in 1927 to supersede the monument shown below that was dedicated in March 1914 on the centennial of Napoleon's partial victory in the Battle of Craonne. In that struggle his army opposed a combined army of Imperial Russians and Prussians led by the Prussian field marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. This first monument was destroyed very early in the Great War, probable during the September 1914 Battle of the Aise. By the end of the war, the farm was devastated and was later completely rebuilt.
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| Dedication March 1914 |
The Five Battles
1. 7 March 1814: The Battle of Craonne
See a discussion on this very complex battle and the role Hurtebise Farm played in the fighting at Napoleon-Empire.Net Needless to say, Ferme d'Hurtebise was on the front line. Bony managed to gain his final victory—abeit a controversial one—before his exile to Elba.
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| Napoleon Still Overlooks the Craonne Battlefield |
2. 13–22 September 1914: First Battle of the Aisne
The German retreat from the Marne and following pursuit by the Allies led to a back and forth struggle for the heights overlooking the Aisne Valley. Hurtebise farm (for reasons discussed below) became a key position. Violent fighting took place here 13–18 September with the 4th Zouaves taking the farm and the 12th IR defending. During these six days, the owners of the Hurtebise farm, the Adam family, took refuge in the cellar, refusing to leave their farm. They were eventually evacuated. On 22 September German forces mounted a major assault on the position eventually taking possession of the farm which was on the front line for the remainder of 1915.
3. 25 January 1915: German Counteroffensive
After successfully defending against a French new year's offensive, the German army mounted a major attack to consolidate its dominant position on the heights, pushing back French troops towards the Aisne Valley below the Plateau de Californie. These battles were particularly deadly, with more than 2,000 killed (at least 850 Germans, 1,000 to 1,500 French. Ferme d' Hurebise, now a pile of ruins, became a rear outpost until 1917. Since Soissons to the west was also threatened, this period is sometimes known as L'Affaire de Soissons.
4. April–May 1917: Second Battle of the Aisne (Nivelle Offensive)
The ill-fated French advance would reach Ferme d'Hurtebise again. The farm would pass from one camp to the other, with the armies never managing to stabilize their position on the highly coveted terrain. The 3rd Ludendorff Offensive of 1918 would be launched from the surrounding plateau.
5. 20 May 1940: Battle of France
During the French withdrawal a convoy of the 4th Armored Division was ambushed by a German Panzer column and virtually destroyed after intense fighting.
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| Post-WWI Destruction and Barbed Wire Around the Original Monument |
The Reason Why
In General
The Aisne heights, a commanding position, just 55 miles from the nation's capital, would be important to both invaders and France's defenders. But why so much action at this specific point?
The Specifics
Ferme d'Hurtebise is located at a unique geographical position.
1. It is on the major road along the Heights (the Chemin des Dames or D18 in today's system)
2. It is also on the only road that connects the Aisne Valley (southside) with the Ailette Valley on the northside.
3. As can be seen in these drone photos it sits on a plateau, something of a saddle, that can be turned into a strong position with clear views along the ridge and down into both valleys.
4. It seems Ferme d'Hurtebise was simply destined to attract a lot of military attention should France ever go to war—as it did.
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| The Crossroads: Looking East Along D18 and South into the Aisne Valley |
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| Looking North into the Ailette Valley |
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