World War I did not produce a military hero who became president, but it did launch at least one aspirant, Gen. John J. Pershing, supreme commander of the American Expeditionary Force. Pershing challenged a second soldier-candidate from an earlier war, Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, for the Republican presidential nomination in 1920. Many believe Pershing's fear of Wood — an extremely political general — was his sole motive for mounting a campaign. However, the "Pershing for President" boom soon collapsed.
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| Not a Natural-Looking Politician: With His Son Alongside, Pershing Manages to Appear Dour at an Event Honoring Him at His Hometown in January 1920 |
Attention focused on Pershing as a presidential possibility soon after the close of World War I. When he returned to the United States from Europe, welcoming crowds were enthusiastic. His reception in New York was like that of a returning hero as thousands lined Fifth Avenue to catch a glimpse of the most heroic figure of the war. Cautious by temperament, Pershing consulted friends, especially Charles Gates Dawes, about what course his future should take.
Dawes and another friend of both Dawes and Pershing, Mark Woods of Lincoln, began working to establish a "Pershing for President" boom in Nebraska. Like most professional soldiers, Pershing lacked a permanent residence, but he had lived in Lincoln from 1891 to 1895, and his family continued to live there. His backers faced a daunting task — building a statewide organization before the April 1920 presidential primary. Rival candidates Leonard Wood and Senator Hiram Johnson were far ahead.
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| General Leonard Wood Pershing Came to Despise His Former Booster |
The strategy for capturing the 16 Nebraska votes at the Republican convention was to present Pershing as a favorite-son candidate and rely on voter loyalty to a fellow Nebraskan. A long campaign ended when Nebraska voters went to the polls to vote in the primaries on 20 April 1920. The final tally found Johnson the victor with 63,262 votes; Wood, 42,385; and Pershing, 27,669. Nebraska's favorite son carried only Lancaster County by the slim plurality of 35 percent and was second choice in another ten counties near Lancaster.
The draft Pershing longed for did not come. His name never appeared before the Republican convention, which nominated Warren G. Harding for president. Pershing did derive some satisfaction from the defeat of his rival general, Leonard Wood. A number of factors were responsible for Pershing's poor showing. Cautious and reserved by nature, he did little personal campaigning and was often indecisive at crucial moments. His localized campaign lacked the organization and financing necessary to upset rival candidates, who had entered the contest earlier and with more resources.
Pershing served as U.S. Army chief of staff from July 1921 to September 1924, when he retired from military service. He went on to additional distinguished service to the nation as the founding head of the American Battle Monuments Commission. He died in July 1948.
Source: The Nebraska Historical Society
But Leonard Wood DID become a well-known fort...
ReplyDeleteI thought that Pershing lost his complete family in a house fire during the war.
ReplyDeleteHis wife and daughters died in the fire, in their house in San Francisco's Presidio, but the son survived.
DeleteDo you know where Pershing's wife and children are buried? It seems to me I read that they are buried in Cheyenne, WY, which may have been her family's home. As a military family, perhaps the Pershing's had not established their own "home town."
DeleteThat Presidio fire was before the Great War I believe. What a devastating tradegy that must have been for him. Do you know where his son was at the time?
DeleteOf course, Harry Truman, who was an artillery officer in the war, did go on to become an "accidental" president towards the end of the Second World War. And a pretty good one, at that.
ReplyDeleteI now find information from the August-September, 2015, "Trip Wire" attributed to "Defender of the Gate: The Presidio of San Francisco, 1846 to 1995." The fire was on 27 August, 1915 while Pershing was on assignment with the 8th Infantry Brigade in Texas. Mrs. Pershing (Frances) and three daughters, Mary, 6, Anne, 7, and Helen, 8, all perished. Pershing’s son, Warren, 5, was on a lower floor of the building and escaped with the help of a soldier returning to barracks at the Presidio. The boy was hospitalized at Letterman General Hospital. Gen. Pershing rushed to San Francisco, arriving on August 29, the same day as Mrs. Pershing’s parents, U.S. Senator and Mrs. Francis E. Warren, arrived from Wyoming. Some 24 Presidio sergeants accompanied the cortege of mourners to the train as it departed for Cheyenne, Wyoming.
ReplyDelete