Terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Independence of Ukraine, Georgia, and Finland recognized
• Poland and the Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia to Germany and Austria-Hungary
• Kars, Ardahan, and Batumi to Turkey
• The total losses constituted 1 million square miles of Russia's former territory (See map below)
• Later, Russia agreed to pay a large indemnity
Subsequently, however:
• In the general Armistice of November 1918, the Central Powers were forced to renounce the treaty
• Ukraine was recovered in 1919, during the Russian Civil War
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