King George V's Battlefield Pilgrimage

 

As our dead were equal in sacrifice, so are they equal in honour, for the greatest and the least of them have proved that sacrifice and honour are no vain things but truths by which the world lives.

King George V, Terlicthun Cemetery

From the Royal Family Website

During the First World War, hundreds of thousands of soldiers had died on the battlefield. Many bodies were left, unretrievable, in no man’s land. Others were buried by comrades: a simple wooden cross marking their grave. The Commonwealth (then Imperial) War Graves Commission was set up with the mammoth task of commemorating every soldier who died in WW1.

There was doubt over whether these cemeteries would be well received, with many relatives wanting their loved ones’ bodies repatriated rather than commemorated overseas. However, the first "experimental: cemeteries were favourably reported by the press in 1920, and construction began on the larger cemeteries we know today.

Relatives of the fallen began visiting the battlefields and cemeteries in their tens of thousands to pay their respects, and it was as part of this wider pilgrimage that King George V and Queen Mary visited in May 1922.

As part of a State Visit to Belgium, the King undertook a three-day tour of the battlefield cemeteries accompanied by Sir Fabien Ware, Vice-Chairman of the IWGC, Field Marshal Douglas Haig, and Admiral David Beatty. This three-day tour soon became known as The King's Pilgrimage."

The King was issued with passes to allow him to visit the war graves in 1922. These passes were to enable close relatives to visit the grave of a fallen family member in France and Belgium without the need for a passport. It is not clear why two separate passes were issued other than that the King is wearing the uniform of the Royal Navy in one and of the Army in the other.

On 11 May 1922, King George V recorded his visits to military cemeteries in Belgium in his diary:

I left at 9.0 in my train with Haig & Sir Fabien Ware (Permanent Vice Chairman of the Imperial War Graves Commission), Fritz, Wigram & Seymour for Zeebrugee where I arrived at 11.0. Went to see the German cemetery where some English are buried, visited the mole & left at 12.40. Luncheon in the train. Arrived at Zonnebeke at 2.30. Left in motors & visited the British cemeteries at Tyne Cot, Ypres, Vlamertinghe, Hop Store, Brandhoek, Poperinghe & Lijssenthoek. Joined the train at Poperinghe & left at 6.10. At each I was received by the Mayor & a crowd of people. The cemeteries are very well arranged & looked after by ex service men under the Commission. Very interesting passing through all the battle area, nearly all the houses have been rebuilt…

On 13 May, after visiting the Meerut cemetery, where Indian soldiers are buried, King George V travelled to Terlincthun cemetery, where he was joined by Queen Mary and the Earl and Countess of Athlone. Queen Mary, herself laying a wreath at the stone of remembrance, recorded the events in her diary:

Motored to the British soldiers cemetery at Terlincthun where we were met by the members of the War Graves Commission & General Castelnau, etc. We walked to the cross where G laid a wreath & then made a charming speech, General Castelnau ditto. Made a short tour in the cemetery. A very impressive but upsetting ceremony.  

  

 Map showing locations of IWGC cemeteries visited by
King George V on 12 and 13 May 1922

Rudyard Kipling commemorated the King's pilgrimage with this poem:

Our King went forth on pilgrimage  

His prayers and vows to pay       

To them that saved our heritage   

And cast their own away.    

And there was little show of pride,   

Or prows of belted steel,    

For the clean-swept oceans every side   

Lay free to every keel.

And the first land he found, it was shoal and banky ground -   

Where the broader seas begin,   

And a pale tide grieving at the broken harbour-mouth  

Where they worked the death-ships in. 

And there was neither gull on the wing,  

Nor wave that could not tell   

Of the bodies that were buckled in the life-buoy's ring    

That slid from swell to swell.

All that they had they gave - they gave; and they shall not return,  

For these are those that have no grave where any heart may mourn.

And the next land he found, it was low and hollow ground -   

Where once the cities stood,       

But the man-high thistle had been master of it all,  

Or the bulrush by the flood.        

And there was neither blade of grass,      

Nor lone star in the sky 

But shook to see some spirit pass  

And took its agony.

And the next land he found, it was bare and hilly ground - 

Where once the bread-corn grew, 

But the fields were cankered and the water was defiled,   

And the trees were riven through.  

And there was neither paved highway,    

Nor secret path in the wood,       

But had borne its weight of the broken clay 

And darkened 'neath the blood.

Father and mother they put aside, and the nearer love also -    

An hundred thousand men who died whose graves shall no man know.

And the last land he found, it was fair and level ground  

About a carven stone,  

And a stark Sword brooding on the bosom of the Cross 

Where high and low are one.

And there was grass and the living trees,   

And the flowers of the spring,   

And there lay gentlemen from out of all the seas   

That ever called him King.

'Twixt Nieuport sands and the eastward lands where the Four Red Rivers spring,  

Five hundred thousand gentlemen of those that served their King.

All that they had they gave - they gave -  

In sure and single faith. 

There can no knowledge reach the grave 

To make them grudge their death    

Save only if they understood    

That, after all was done,  

We they redeemed denied their blood  

And mocked the gains it won.